Management Archives - Journal of the Foundations of Ophthalmology

Orbital Tumours: An Overview

Post published:November 17, 2025
Reading time:6 mins read
Post author:Jawad Ahmad
Post category:Article

Orbital tumours comprise a heterogeneous group of benign and malignant lesions that may be primary, secondary, or metastatic. Because of the orbit’s compact anatomy, small masses can cause proptosis, diplopia, or visual loss. This educational overview summarises classification, presentation, investigation, and management for students and junior clinicians. Maintaining a high index of suspicion and referring early to an ophthalmic oncology or oculoplastic centre helps preserve vision and, in malignant disease, can be lifesaving.

Topical Treatment for Open Angle Glaucoma

Post published:December 4, 2021
Reading time:5 mins read
Post author:Lois Crabtree
Post category:Article

Glaucoma refers to a group of conditions that lead to damage of the optic nerve head, typically caused by raised intra-ocular pressure. Primary open angle glaucoma is the commonest glaucoma type in the UK and affects 8% of people at 80 years old. In open angle glaucoma the iridocorneal angle is open but aqueous flow is diminished. As glaucoma progresses, it can lead to peripheral visual field loss. The mainstay of treatment initially is with eye drops with the aim of lowering intraocular pressure. Intraocular pressure is determined by the production, circulation and drainage of aqueous humour and is considered normal if between 11-21mmHg. If treated, glaucoma progression can be delayed and most people will not have severe visual impairment.

Visual Impairment and Services Available in a UK Setting

Post published:September 7, 2021
Reading time:8 mins read
Post author:Omar Mostafa & Kusy Suleiman, Yusuf Abdallah, Thomas Ressiniotis
Post category:Article

This article aims to introduce visual impairment in a medical context to a target audience of medical students and junior doctors. The paper aims to depict what visual impairment is, present both global and national epidemiological data, as well as showcase the potential implications visual impairment and blindness have on affected individuals.

Choroidal Melanoma: An Overview

Post published:August 23, 2021
Reading time:8 mins read
Post author:Omar Mostafa & Kusy Suleiman, Yusuf Abdallah
Post category:Article

retinal epithelium or choroidal melanocytes causing a spectrum of disorders, ranging from choroidal naevus and foreign bodies to the rarer choroidal melanoma. As choroidal melanoma is the most common primary malignant intraocular tumour, this educational review aims to provide a structured overview of this topic to students and junior doctors, to help establish an understanding of such a rare but life-threatening condition. This will also provide the reader with an insight on referral guidelines in the United Kingdom, a brief overview of various treatments, and factors that affect patient’s prognosis.